Fig. 19.1 Pre-procedural US screening to detect anatomical variants. (a) Normal anatomy, (b) abnormal internal jugular vein (V) position (median to the carotid artery), (c) abnormal surrounding structure (*, ganglion),…

Fig. 7.1 An 8-year-old (12 kg) female affected by osteogenesis imperfecta 7.1.2 Ambulatory Orthopaedic Surgery in Children Ambulatory surgery is a somewhat lighter burden for health services, resulting in considerable…

Fig. 15. 1 Causes of high rate of blunt injury in children Major and lethal pediatric traumas are relatively rare. This aspect makes difficult to accomplish guidelines for the management…

Fig. 17.1 A 14-year-old 25 kg severely disabled boy in severe pain. According to his mother, flexion of the toes is a typical sign of discomfort or pain 17.2.2 Specific…

JHSRCS status Description Example 1 Noninvasive procedure, minimal risk Excision of lesion of the skin 2 Procedures limited in their invasive nature mild risk Inguinal hernia repair, diagnostic laparoscopy 3…

Anatomical airway obstructions Functional airway obstructions Causes Causes Inadequate head position Inadequate anaesthesia Poor face mask technique Laryngospasm Large adenoids/tonsils/obesity Muscle rigidity Secretions Bronchospasm Treatment Treatment Repositioning/reopening/Guedel Deepen anaesthesia Two-hand/two-person…

Fig. 18.1 Benjamin’s and Inglis’ classification of laryngeal clefts. Type 1: Interarythenoid defect, type 2: extending partially into the cricoid cartilage, type 3 complete seperation of the cricoid cartilage extending…