In humans, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), lactate contribution to brain energy metabolism was reported to be less than 10% under basal conditions. However, this increased to as much…
FIGURE 7.1 Carotid plaque. (Courtesy of Dr. Ed. Uthman, MD) FIGURE 7.2 Cerebral autoregulation. (Reused from Kincaid MS, Lam AM. Anesthesia for neurosurgery. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK,…
2. Aortocaval compression occurs at approximately 20 weeks of gestation when the parturient is positioned supine and the gravid uterus compresses both the aorta and inferior vena cava. This makes…
FIGURE 28.1 jVO2 flow chart. 2. Elevated SjVO2 is a marker of either luxuriant blood flow (or hyperemia) or diminished ability of the brain tissue to extract oxygen. Hyperemia is…
FIGURE 18.1 Morphologic types of craniosynostosis. Diagrammatic views of different morphologic types of craniosynostosis are shown in the center of the figure. The premature closed suture is marked as a…
1 The decrease in metabolism seen with the volatile anesthetics is due to a reduction in organized neurotransmission, reaching a maximum reduction in CMRO2 of approximately 50% when an isoelectric…
24 Anesthetic-induced Neurotoxicity Andreas W. Loepke and Mary Ellen McCann I. Introduction II. Effects of exposure to anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics on the developing animal brain A. Deleterious effects of…
23 Stroke and Brain Protection John Dunford I. Introduction II. Pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia A. Histopathologic events B. Biochemical events C. Necrotic cell death D. Apoptotic cell death E. Autophagy…
20 Pediatric Neurovascular Lesions Hubert A. Benzon, Edward R. Smith, and Craig D. McClain I. Background II. Patient assessment III. Radiographic studies IV. Arteriovenous malformations A. AVMs result B. Anesthetic…
19 Epilepsy Surgery Hubert A. Benzon, Craig D. McClain, and Heidi M. Koenig I. Background II. Physiologic considerations III. Imaging techniques IV. Surgical treatment V. Surgical resection of seizure foci…
