ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IV, intravenous; PH, pulmonary hypertension. Modified from Treprostinil (Remodulin) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Med Lett. 2002;44:80-82; Sildenafil…
M Nasal surgery 1. Introduction Nasal surgery is often performed to restore the caliber of the nasal airway or for cosmetic purposes. Whether for rhinoplasty, septoplasty, or septorhinoplasty, the nasal cavity…
L Myringotomy and tube placement 1. Introduction A myringotomy allows the pressure to equalize between the middle ear and the atmosphere, reducing the pressure in the middle ear compartment. Simple tubes…
K Maxillofacial trauma 1. Introduction Traumatic disruption of the bony, cartilaginous, and soft tissues of the face and upper airway challenge the anesthesia provider to recognize the nature and extent of…
J Le fort procedures 1. Introduction a) The usual preoperative diagnosis for patients with maxillary fractures is facial trauma. Le Fort fractures are frequently associated with other skull fractures, zygoma fractures, and…
Kink resistant Thick-walled nonflammable cuff reflects laser and transfers heatCuff difficult to deflate if puncturedMetal may reflect beam onto nontargeted tissue Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) InexpensiveNonreflectiveMaintains shape wellDouble cuff maintains seal…
2. Preoperative assessment Most patients are older and have a long history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Associated medical problems may include COPD, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and alcohol withdrawal. a) History…
G. jet ventilation 1. Introduction Jet ventilation has been used extensively for laryngeal surgery. When the trachea is not intubated, a metal needle mounted in the operating laryngoscope or passed through…
F Intraocular procedures 1. Introduction Intraocular procedures may refer to vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage, corneal transplant, and open eye injury. These procedures involve entry into the vitreous humor. It is crucial to…
E Foreign body aspiration 1. Introduction Aspiration of foreign bodies is a common problem. There is a high morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, who aspirate foreign objects. Some common aspirants…
