8 Thoracic Injection Therapy Acute and chronic pain in the thoracic spine plays only a minor role compared to that of the cervical and lumbar spine. This applies both to…

12 Summary Cervical Spine CSPA (Cervical Spinal Nerve Analgesia) CEI (Cervical Epidural Injection) CxFI (Cervical Facet Infiltration) Thoracic Spine TSPA (Thoracic Spinal Nerve Analgesia) TxFI (Thoracic Facet Infiltration) CTB (Costotransverse…

10 General and Specific Complications and Treatment Measures Vasovagal Syncope Vasovagal syncope and orthostatic collapse are associated mainly with a drop in blood pressure, tinnitus, pallor, nausea, and in some…

11 Multimodal Spinal Therapy The spectrum of treatment for back and neck pain ranges from the simple application of heat and administration of analgesics at one extreme to open surgery…

2 Diagnostics Medical History Taking a precise medical history is important in the diagnosis of orthopedic pain. Acute pain originating from the musculoskeletal system demonstrates certain characteristics: It is position-dependent,…

I General Section 1 Basic Principles Orthopedic Pain Therapy NOTE Orthopedics is the medical specialism that concerns itself with the musculoskeletal system. As such, it deals with the diseases and…

II Atlas Section 5 The Spine: Anatomy, Nociception, and the Distribution of Pain Signals Terminology The most common forms of acute and chronic pain originating from the spine arise from…

3 Causal Orthopedic Pain Therapy The methods used in the causal treatment of spinal pain are basically the same as those used in conservative orthopedic treatment, but with a different…

6 Special Orthopedic Injection Therapy: Contraindications and Patient Information Contraindications As with all local injections, inflammatory bacterial changes around the injection site (e. g., infected sebaceous glands) and open wounds…