A considerable proportion of children who undergo elective orthopedic surgery have multiple congenital anomalies and/or neuromuscular disease (see Appendix 1 ). Underlying diseases, particularly those associated with muscle weakness, require…
General Principles 1. Many of the children requiring thoracoabdominal procedures are neonates and preterm infants and therefore demand special considerations. 2. In most cases, the pathophysiology of the surgical disease…
Heart surgery in children is performed almost exclusively for congenital heart disease (CHD). The incidence of CHD is approximately 6 per 1000 live births. The lesions listed in Table 14-1…
General Principles Although much of it is simple and commonplace, ear, nose, and throat surgery has a disproportionately large potential for anesthetic and surgical complications. It demands meticulous attention to…
Many children require plastic surgery to correct congenital deformities. The head and neck are commonly affected, which may introduce special problems for the anesthesiologist. In addition, some children undergo plastic…
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1. Children do not usually cooperate very well under moderate sedation (so called “conscious sedation”) unless they are very motivated and specially prepared and therefore require general anesthesia…
General Principles 1. General anesthesia is almost always required because children do not tolerate sedation and local analgesia for eye surgery. 2. Intraocular surgery and surgery of the nasolacrimal duct…
General Principles 1. Perioperative management must be planned to minimize the possibility of increasing the intracranial pressure (ICP) and to ensure optimal operating conditions for the neurosurgeon. 2. Light general…
The Postanesthesia Care Unit General Management All children should be transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in the lateral decubitus position with the head extended so as to provide…
Routine Preparation for Surgery Preoperative Assessment A careful assessment of the child must be made at the time of the preoperative visit. Although many children are healthy, some have diseases…
