Key Points ▪ Survival of the neonate depends on pulmonary vascular resistance transitioning from a high to a low state. PVR is increased by hypoxemia acidosis, hypothermia, and stress; inability…

Key points ▪ Airway changes throughout pregnancy worsen during labor and delivery as a result of mucosal edema. ▪ Anesthetic agents are not teratogenic; however, inhalation anesthetics and many intravenous…

Key Points ▪ Patients with severe sepsis are at particular risk for hepatic and renal injuries. ▪ The major cardiovascular events in sepsis are vasoplegia, reduced stroke volume, and microcirculatory…

Key points ▪ Anesthetic management of endocrine surgical patients should consider not only the organ of interest but also the end-organ consequences of the endocrine dysfunction and possible rare syndromes….

Key points ▪ Trauma is the 10th leading cause of death globally (16,000 people daily). Motor vehicle crashes, firearms, poisoning, falls, and suffocation account for 81% of all trauma deaths….

Key points ▪ Patients with Huntington’s disease are at higher risk of pulmonary aspiration, altered anesthetic pharmacology, and worsening generalized tonic spasms. Rapid-sequence induction with cricoid pressure is recommended for…

Key points ▪ Oxidative phosphorylation is critical to aerobic cellular energy production. ▪ Five enzyme complexes make up the electron transport chain, encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA…

Key points ▪ The morbidity and mortality associated with burns vary with total area burned, depth of burn, presence of inhalation injury, and coexisting diseases. ▪ Adequate fluid resuscitation, appropriate…

Key points ▪ An estimated 26.2% of Americans age 18 and older have a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (58 million people). ▪ Mental disorders and their associated…