Anesthesia Key

Spinal and Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia: Anatomy, Physiology, and Technique

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Spinal and Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia: Anatomy, Physiology, and Technique

Successful administration and management of neuraxial anesthesia require a thorough understanding of neuroanatomy and the physiologic implications of commonly used neuraxial medications, as well as well-developed technical skills, and physiologic…

read more

Local Anesthetics and Opioids

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Local Anesthetics and Opioids

Local anesthetics and opioids are often used for pain relief in obstetric practice. Local anesthetics may be used for infiltration anesthesia or neuraxial block, whereas opioids are administered both systemically…

read more

Quality, Patient Safety, and Medical Error

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Quality, Patient Safety, and Medical Error

In 2000, the publication of the Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System was a pivotal event for the healthcare system in the…

read more

Fetal and Neonatal Neurologic Injury

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Fetal and Neonatal Neurologic Injury

The detection and diagnosis of fetal and neonatal brain injury have been advanced by improvements in functional imaging and the identification of potential biochemical markers. Evidence indicates that inflammatory mediators…

read more

Neonatal Assessment and Resuscitation

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Neonatal Assessment and Resuscitation

The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life represents the most important adjustment that a neonate will make. This transition occurs uneventfully after most deliveries and is dependent on the anatomic…

read more

Intrapartum Fetal Assessment and Therapy

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Intrapartum Fetal Assessment and Therapy

Assessment of fetal well-being during labor and at the time of delivery is paramount to ensure optimal health of the mother and infant. Since its introduction in the 1960s, fetal…

read more

Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery and Other Intrauterine Procedures

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery and Other Intrauterine Procedures

Advances in prenatal diagnosis, imaging, and surgical equipment have all contributed to the development of fetal surgery. While most correctable malformations are best managed after delivery, antepartum recognition allows time…

read more

The Placenta: Anatomy, Physiology, Transfer of Drugs, and Pathology

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on The Placenta: Anatomy, Physiology, Transfer of Drugs, and Pathology

PLACENTAL PATHOLOGY The human chorioallantoic placenta is at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy and is positioned to receive all drugs provided by the obstetric anesthesia provider in the course of…

read more

Antepartum Fetal Assessment and Therapy

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Antepartum Fetal Assessment and Therapy

Obstetric care involves antenatal assessment of the health of both the pregnant woman and the fetus. Routine fetal evaluations during pregnancy include the use of ultrasonography for determining gestational age…

read more

Fetal Physiology

Oct 18, 2026 by Editorial Team in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Fetal Physiology

FETAL ENVIRONMENT Amniotic Fluid The fetus is surrounded by amniotic fluid ( liquor amnii ), a complex fluid that changes as the pregnancy progresses. Amniotic fluid serves a number of…

read more