Approach to the Woman with an Unplanned Pregnancy
Approach to the Woman with an Unplanned Pregnancy Shana L. Birnbaum Approximately one half of the pregnancies that occur in the United States are unintended, with rates highest in lower…
Approach to the Infertile Couple
Approach to the Infertile Couple Shana L. Birnbaum From 10% to 15% of US couples in their childbearing years are infertile, defined as a couple that has been engaging in…
Approach to Fertility Control
Approach to Fertility Control Kerri Palamarsa Despite almost all women reporting contraception use at least once during their reproductive years, roughly 50% of all pregnancies in the United States are…
Approach to the Menopausal Woman
Approach to the Menopausal Woman Shana L. Birnbaum Annekathryn Goodman Despite its inevitability, menopause can be difficult in a society that celebrates youthfulness, causing many to view this normal life…
Approach to the Patient with a Vaginal Discharge
Approach to the Patient with a Vaginal Discharge Shana L. Birnbaum Vaginal discharge is one of the most common reasons that women consult physicians in office practice in the United…
Approach to the Patient with Menstrual or Pelvic Pain
Approach to the Patient with Menstrual or Pelvic Pain Shana L. Birnbaum Pelvic pain is a major source of concern and morbidity for many women. Dysmenorrhea—painful periods—affects at least half…
Medical Evaluation of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Medical Evaluation of Female Sexual Dysfunction Susan E. Bennett Shana L. Birnbaum With advances in pharmaceutical treatment of male erectile dysfunction, there has been new attention focused on understanding female…
Evaluation of Vulvar Pruritus
Evaluation of Vulvar Pruritus Shana L. Birnbaum Vulvar itching can be a very annoying symptom for the patient. In the genital area, only the vulvar and perineal skin have sensory…
Evaluation of Breast Masses and Nipple Discharges
Evaluation of Breast Masses and Nipple Discharges Annekathryn Goodman A solitary or dominant breast mass or an abnormal nipple discharge may be a harbinger of breast cancer, the most common…
Evaluation of Secondary Amenorrhea
Evaluation of Secondary Amenorrhea Shana L. Birnbaum Secondary amenorrhea is defined as cessation of menses for 3 or more months in a woman with previously normal cycles. The incidence of…
