Fluid Management During Craniotomy
Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank Dr. Michael M. Todd for the inspiration for Figs. 9.4, 9.5 , and 9.6 and Dr. Mark Zornow for permission to use Figs. 9.7…
Modern Neuroradiology Relevant to Anesthetic and Perioperative Management
Introduction Imaging, with its diverse array of modalities, forms an integral part of decision making in patients with neurological disorders. Diagnostic, prognostic, and pathophysiological information is provided in broadly two…
Effects of Anesthetic Agents and Other Drugs on Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Intracranial Pressure
Introduction The major goals in neurosurgical anesthesia are to provide adequate tissue perfusion to the brain (and spinal cord) so that the regional metabolic demand is met and to provide…
Cerebrospinal Fluid
The first section of this chapter reviews cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with respect to the anatomy of the CSF-containing spaces, physiology, and the effects of anesthetics and other influences. The second…
Cerebral and Spinal Cord Blood Flow
Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude and great respect for the late William L. Young, MD, James P. Livingston Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, University…
Brain Metabolism, the Pathophysiology of Brain Injury, and Potential Beneficial Agents and Techniques
Brain metabolism involves both the production and the utilization of energy; catabolism is the breakdown and anabolism is the synthesis of components and molecules in the cells. For energy formation…
Arnold-Chiari Malformation (Chiari Malformation Type II)
Risk • Arnold-Chiari malformation (Chiari Malformation type II or CMII) is found exclusively in pts with myelomeningocele. • Myelomeningocele occurs in 0.6 of 1000 live births. Perioperative Risks • Vocal…
Apert Syndrome (Acrocephalosyndactyly Type 1 and 2)
Risk • 15:1,000,000 live births • Equal M:F ratio Perioperative Risk • Aspiration • Bronchospasm • Resp depression • Airway obstruction Perioperative Risk • Aspiration • Bronchospasm • Resp depression…
Apnea of the Newborn
Risk • Full-term infants with an underlying pathology (i.e., neurologic disorders, metabolic derangements) • Premature infants, with or without an underlying pathology • Infants less than 60 wk post conceptual…
Appendicitis, Acute
Risk • One of most common abdominal emergencies • Possible at any age but most common during an individual’s teens and 20s • 11 in 10,000 individuals will experience appendicitis…
