Transfusion Reactions
Transfusion Reactions Adeola Sadik Jarone Lee I. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS All types of transfusions carry the risk of causing subacute, acute, and delayed adverse events. Prompt recognition of a transfusion-related event…
Allergy and Anaphylaxis During the Postoperative Period
Allergy and Anaphylaxis During the Postoperative Period Matthew Sigakis I. INTRODUCTION Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to anesthetic and associated agents used during the perioperative period have been reported with increasing frequency….
Gastrointestinal Complications
Gastrointestinal Complications Christina Anne Jelly D. Dante Yeh I. INTRODUCTION A. Postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) complications occur most commonly following abdominal and pelvic operations. However, GI complications may occur after any…
Endocrine Abnormalities: Glucose Control, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Thyroid Storm
Endocrine Abnormalities: Glucose Control, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Thyroid Storm Alana B. Birner Kathryn L. Butler I. INTRODUCTION A. Recognition of endocrine disorders requires a high index of suspicion among clinicians…
Acid-Base Disorders
Acid-Base Disorders Kevin H. Zhao Kathryn L. Butler Acid-base disorders arise in a wide variety of postoperative scenarios and have severe consequences on organ function and perfusion. An abnormal pH…
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders Kevin Blackney Jonathan Charnin I. INTRODUCTION A. Multiple systems are used to regulate fluids and electrolytes during “normal” states of health. In the perioperative period, homeostatic…
Temperature Abnormalities
Temperature Abnormalities Craig S. Jabaley Kathryn L. Butler I. INTRODUCTION A. Temperature abnormalities are frequently encountered postoperatively because anesthetic, surgical, and environmental factors work in concert to disrupt thermostasis. Although…
Postoperative Hemorrhage
Postoperative Hemorrhage Matthew Tichauer Martha DiMilla D. Dante Yeh I. INTRODUCTION Perioperative bleeding, a risk with any operation, presents a challenge for both the surgeon and anesthesiologist. While mortality associated…
Acute Perioperative Urinary and Renal Dysfunction
Acute Perioperative Urinary and Renal Dysfunction Michael Hermann Sheri Berg EPIDEMIOLOGY The exact percentage of patients who suffer from some degree of acute kidney injury (AKI) is difficult to assess,…
Postoperative Central Nervous System Dysfunction
Postoperative Central Nervous System Dysfunction Meredith Miller Ala Nozari Changes in mental function after anesthesia and surgery were described more than 50 years ago. Because these phenomena have been elucidated…
