Abdominal Pain
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen If a patient complains of abdominal pain, an examination of the external genitalia should be a part of a routine examination. Ovarian and testicular torsions…
Anaphylaxis
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Epinephrine is the first-line medication for the treatment of anaphylaxis, regardless of the severity. In children, food is the most common trigger for anaphylaxis. Airway…
Tick-Borne Infections
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Children may be at higher risk for tick-borne infections than adults due to outdoor activities and potentially not noting attached ticks as readily as adults….
Toxic Shock Syndrome
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute, toxin-mediated illness characterized by fever, erythematous rash, hypotension, multiorgan involvement, and desquamation. Most cases of TSS have been…
Evaluation and Management of the Immunocompromised Patient
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Fever in the immunocompromised child is a medical emergency. Prompt evaluation and administration of antibiotics can decrease morbidity and mortality. Patients on chronic corticosteroids may…
Soft Tissue Infections
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Bacterial (septic) arthritis occurs most commonly in children younger than 3 years. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial arthritis in all age…
Meningitis and Other Central Nervous System Infections
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen In the era of widespread conjugate vaccines, most children have aseptic, not bacterial meningitis. Enteroviruses are the major viral pathogen, with yearly peaks in the…
Cerebrovascular Syndromes
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes occur in children. The incidence varies across countries but ranges from 1 to 5 per 100,000 per year. Approximately 55%…
Congenital Heart Disease
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Ductal-dependent lesions typically present with sudden-onset cardiogenic shock at 1 to 2 weeks of life and require immediate prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion. Congestive heart failure…
