Abstract This chapter describes conventional concepts about body fluid spaces. It carefully describes physiological principles about fluid shifting in the body and responses to fluid challenges. It further describes different…
Abstract This chapter deals with electrolytes and diuretics. It thoroughly goes through pertinent facts about electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. Particular attention is paid to hypo-…
Chapter Outline Hemoglobin and Volume Replacement Therapies Historical Aspects of Transfusion Packed Red Blood Cells Clinical Uses Side Effects Erythropoietin Side Effects Blood Substitutes Albumin Synthetic Colloids Hemostatic Interventions and…
Abstract In the United States, nearly 5% of the population has or has had cancer. Anesthetists frequently encounter patients in all stages of cancer and cancer treatment. This chapter highlights…
Abstract Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common problems following surgery. This chapter is designed to educate the readers on the spectrum of antiemetic therapy available, and to which populations…
Abstract The main functions of the kidney are (1) regulation of salt and water balance, (2) toxin and metabolite elimination, (3) electrolyte homeostasis, (4) acid–base balance, and (5) hormone production….
Abstract Pulmonary pharmacology is focused primarily on medications that effect the conducting airways of the lung responsible for gas exchange at the alveoli. The maintenance of patent airways occurs naturally…
Abstract Hemostasis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of survival that involves vascular, cellular, and plasma components that interact to stop bleeding. Vascular effects include vasoconstriction, expression of procoagulant factors such…
Abstract The physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum periods are profound. In addition, the fetus presents a unique component of the circulatory and metabolic systems that…
Chapter Outline Liver Anatomy Blood Supply Liver Function Storage Filtering and Cleansing Metabolism of Nutrients Synthesis of Coagulation Factors Bile Secretion Bilirubin and Jaundice Liver Regeneration Portal Hypertension Hepatic Drug…
