Acupuncture
Abstract Acupuncture (AP) is widely practiced for acute and chronic pain management. National Institute of Health (NIH) consensus statement in 1997 demonstrated favorable results of AP treatments in postoperative pain,…
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Approaches to Pain Management
Abstract This chapter describes the physical medicine and rehabilitation approach to acute and chronic painful musculoskeletal complaints. It highlights the importance of treating the whole patient with the goal of…
Role of Cannabinoids in Pain Management
Abstract Cannabis has been used in medicine for centuries. Modern understanding of the clinical effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in the treatment of pain is evolving. Cannabinoid compounds include phytocannabinoids,…
Ablative Neurosurgical Procedures for Treatment of Chronic Pain
Abstract Neuroablative surgical interventions involve the interruption of peripheral and central nervous system pain pathways. Although the rationale appears logical, the results have not been consistent. Newer treatments including neurostimulation…
Pharmacologic Management of Myofascial Pain
Abstract Myofascial pain is thought to occur by peripheral and central mechanisms. Peripheral factors include trauma, dysregulated deep-tissue microcirculation, and altered muscular metabolism and mitochondrial function. Supraspinal mechanisms include decreased…
Pharmacology for the Interventional Pain Physician
Abstract This chapter reviews the clinical pharmacology, therapeutic mechanisms, and side effects of corticosteroids, botulinum toxins, radiocontrast agents, and topical antiseptics. Corticosteroids are the most potent and effective agents in…
Pharmacologic Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Abstract CRPS patients are routinely prescribed a combination of interventional procedures, physical therapy, antidepressants, antiinflammatory medications, antiepileptics, and opiates. Historically, limited options existed when these modalities fail. Recently, there is…
Nonopioid Analgesics : Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, and Acetaminophen
Abstract Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the oldest, most successful drugs known to modern medicine in the treatment of fever, pain, and inflammation. This class of drugs is the…
Urine Drug Testing in Pain Medicine
Abstract The widespresad use of opioids to treat chronic nonmalignant pain has resulted in a parallel increase in misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and diversion. Because self-reporting is unreliable and clinician…
Intravenous Infusions for Refractory Cancer and Chronic Pain States
Abstract Severe, chronic pain refractory to conventional treatments can be extremely challenging to treat. One option for these patients includes intravenous infusions. One option is lidocaine, which works via voltage-gated…
