Chapter 8 – Facial Trauma
Abstract Facial trauma is a common presentation in the Emergency Department. As the face is vital to both physical appearance and the ability to eat, speak, and perform other important…
Chapter 4 – Trauma in Pregnancy
Abstract Trauma accounts for nearly half of all deaths of pregnant women.1 Pregnant women have distinct physiologic and anatomic characteristics which complicate their management following major trauma. Furthermore, the presence…
Chapter 3 – Transfusion in Trauma
Abstract Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma, following head injury. Shock is defined by inadequate tissue perfusion with hemodynamic instability and organ dysfunction.1–10 In trauma, the most…
Chapter 1 – General Approach to Traumatic Injuries
Abstract Trauma is the fourth leading cause of death overall in the United States and the number one cause of death for ages 1 to 44 – second only to…
Chapter 9 – Eye Trauma
Abstract According to the United States Eye Injury Registry, eye injury is the leading cause of monocular blindness, and there are approximately 2.4 million eye injuries occurring annually in the…
Chapter 2 – Trauma Airway
Abstract Airway management is of paramount importance in trauma resuscitations; in fact, virtually all management algorithms begin with the assessment and protection of the airway. Trauma airways are often compromised…
Chapter 6 – Geriatric Trauma
Abstract While elderly patients comprise a small percentage of total major trauma patients (8–12%), they represent a disproportionate percentage of trauma mortalities and costs (15–30%, Figures 6.1 and 6.2). Chapter…
Chapter 5 – Pediatric Trauma
Abstract Trauma evaluation and management often focuses on protocols, especially in adults. In children, however, special considerations are made based on epidemiology, physiology, and mechanisms of injury on the location…
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as a “condition which develops when the reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms or complications.” The estimated prevalence of GERD in North America is…
Esophagitis
Introduction Abdominal pain and chest pain represent the two most prevalent pain complaints to the US emergency departments each year at 8.6% and 5.2%, respectively. Of those presenting with chest…
