Anesthesia Machine
Fig. 5.1 Anesthesia workstation The anesthesia machine is designed to supply medical gases from a gas supply, then mix the gases with inhalational agents at desired concentrations, and deliver the…
Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks
(1) Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 208051, 333 Cedar Street, TMP 3, New Haven, CT 06520-8051, USA Thomas M. Halaszynski Email: Thomas.halaszynski@yale.edu KeywordsUltrasound-guided interscalene blockUltrasound-guided supraclavicular blockUltrasound-guided infraclavicular…
Patient Monitoring
An anesthesia provider will be present in the operating room throughout the entire anesthetic course Oxygen delivery will be measured using an oxygen analyzer placed in the inspiratory limb of…
Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia
Fig. 21.1 The vertebral column Although vertebrae differ in their structure and function depending on their location, most of the articulating vertebrae are comprised of a body, an arch, and…
Local Anesthetics
Agent Spinal Epidural Nerve block Durationa Lidocaine Can be used 2 %, 15–30 ml 2 %, 30–50 ml 1–1.5 h Ropivacaine Can be used 0.2 %, 10–20 ml 0.5 %,…
Perioperative Airway Management
Acromegaly Thick mandible, large tongue and epiglottis, overgrowth of mucosa and soft tissues of the pharynx, larynx and vocal cords, as well as arthritis at the temporomandibular joint may make…
Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Opioid-sparing effect Improved acute pain relief Promote mobilization and physical rehabilitation therapy Reduced requirement for sedatives/hypnotics/general anesthetic needs (decrease MAC) Reduced postoperative nausea/vomiting, cognitive dysfunction as associated with GA Decreased…
Pediatric Anesthesia
Parameter Infant Adult Functional residual capacity 25–30 ml/kg 30 ml/kg O2 consumption 6 ml/kg/min 3 ml/kg/min CO2 production 6 ml/kg/min 3 ml/kg/min Respiratory rate 35–50 breaths/min 12–20 breaths/min Tidal volume…
Acid Base Balance
From this equation, respiratory disorders are defined by changes in CO2 and metabolic disorders result from changes in the HCO3 −. Increases in CO2 cause a respiratory acidosis while decreases…
