History Frequent snoring (≥3 nights/week) Labored breathing during sleep Gasps/snoring noises/observed episodes of apnea Sleep enuresis (especially secondary enuresis) after ≥6 months of continence Sleeping in a seated position or…
Neuromuscular Any developmental delay? muscles: spasticity, contractures, hypotonia? Seizures: controlled or not? Medical treatment? Airway Difficult intubation/ventilation? Any risk for regurgitation/inhalation? chronic lung infection? Signs of obstructive or central sleep…
Level Step Steroids Add therapy 1 Mild intermittent asthma No Inhaled short-acting β2-agonist as required 2 Regular preventer therapy Up to 400 mcg/die BDP LABA 3 Initial add-on therapy Up…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Marinella Astuto and Pablo M Ingelmo (eds.)Perioperative Medicine in Pediatric AnesthesiaAnesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain in Neonates and Children10.1007/978-3-319-21960-8_10 10. General Approach to Abdominal and Pelvic Procedures Jean-Francois Courval1 (1) Anesthesia…
1. Motoneuron diseases Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), SMA with respiratory distress (SMARD) Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease) Poliomyelitis 2. Peripheral neuropathies Guillain–Barrè Syndrome (GBS) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) Hereditary…
Fig. 9.1 CT scan of a patient with severe PE (Haller Index of 7) as well as significant sternal tilt 9.1.2 Surgical Technique The standard approach to repair of PE…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Marinella Astuto and Pablo M Ingelmo (eds.)Perioperative Medicine in Pediatric AnesthesiaAnesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain in Neonates and Children10.1007/978-3-319-21960-8_8 8. Perioperative Care of the Pediatric Neurosurgical Patient Massimo Lamperti1 (1) Anesthesiology…
Respiration Able to take deep breath and cough = 2 Dyspnea/shallow breathing = 1 Apnea = 0 O2 saturation Maintains >92 % on room air = 2 Needs O2 inhalation to maintain O2 saturation > 90 % = 1 O2 saturation >90…
S Suction Suction device with child-sized suction catheters O Oxygen Availability of adequate oxygen delivery A Airway Age-appropriate airway equipment P Pharmacy Sedation and emergency drugs M Monitors Standard monitors…
Fig. 2.1 Example of diffused hematoma after total knee arthroplasty Blood transfusion carries significant risks of immunological reactions, intravascular hemolysis, transmission of disease, renal failure, transfusion-induced coagulopathy, admission to intensive…
