Anesthesia Key

J Herniorrhaphy 1. Introduction Inguinal hernias are defects in the transverse abdominal layer; a direct hernia comes through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, and an indirect hernia comes through…

H Gastrostomy 1. Introduction A gastrostomy involves the placement of a semipermanent tube through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach. These tubes are used for gastric decompression or for feeding….

I Hemorrhoidectomy 1. Introduction Hemorrhoids are masses of vascular tissue found in the anal canal. Internal hemorrhoids are found above the pectinate line, arise from the superior hemorrhoidal venous plexus, and…

G Gastrectomy 1. Introduction Total gastrectomy is annually performed for gastric cancer. 2. Preoperative assessment and patient preparation a) History and physical: Assess fluid and hydration status. The patient may be vomiting or…

F Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy 1. Introduction Flexible, diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a common procedure in pediatrics, is usually performed with the patient under deep sedation in an endoscopy suite or special procedure area….

E Esophageal resection 1. Introduction Esophagectomy is commonly performed for malignant disease of the middle and lower third of the esophagus. It may also be indicated for Barrett’s esophagus (peptic ulcer…

D Colonoscopy 1. Introduction Colonoscopy is used to examine the colon and rectum to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis. Polyps can be removed through the colonoscope….

C Colectomy 1. Introduction Colectomy is performed most commonly for adenocarcinomas and diverticulosis. Other indications include penetrating trauma, ulcerative and ischemic colitis, volvulus, and inflammatory bowel disease. 2. Preoperative assessment and patient…

B Cholecystectomy 1. Introduction Surgery of the upper abdomen is used in the treatment of gallstones and other diseases of the gallbladder. Open cholecystectomy is performed in patients with adhesions, previous…