Orthognathic surgery
P Orthognathic surgery 1. Introduction Orthopedic orthognathic procedures often require a sagittal splitting of the mandible to move the lower jaw either forward or back. A Le Fort I or Le…
Open-eye procedures
N Open-eye procedures 1. Introduction Intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between production and drainage of aqueous humor and by changes in choroidal blood volume. Resistance to outflow of aqueous…
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IV, intravenous; PH, pulmonary hypertension. Modified from Treprostinil (Remodulin) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Med Lett. 2002;44:80-82; Sildenafil…
Nasal surgery
M Nasal surgery 1. Introduction Nasal surgery is often performed to restore the caliber of the nasal airway or for cosmetic purposes. Whether for rhinoplasty, septoplasty, or septorhinoplasty, the nasal cavity…
Myringotomy and tube placement
L Myringotomy and tube placement 1. Introduction A myringotomy allows the pressure to equalize between the middle ear and the atmosphere, reducing the pressure in the middle ear compartment. Simple tubes…
Maxillofacial trauma
K Maxillofacial trauma 1. Introduction Traumatic disruption of the bony, cartilaginous, and soft tissues of the face and upper airway challenge the anesthesia provider to recognize the nature and extent of…
Le fort procedures
J Le fort procedures 1. Introduction a) The usual preoperative diagnosis for patients with maxillary fractures is facial trauma. Le Fort fractures are frequently associated with other skull fractures, zygoma fractures, and…
Laser surgery
Kink resistant Thick-walled nonflammable cuff reflects laser and transfers heatCuff difficult to deflate if puncturedMetal may reflect beam onto nontargeted tissue Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) InexpensiveNonreflectiveMaintains shape wellDouble cuff maintains seal…
Laryngectomy
2. Preoperative assessment Most patients are older and have a long history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Associated medical problems may include COPD, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and alcohol withdrawal. a) History…
jet ventilation
G. jet ventilation 1. Introduction Jet ventilation has been used extensively for laryngeal surgery. When the trachea is not intubated, a metal needle mounted in the operating laryngoscope or passed through…
