L Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 1. Introduction A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed to relieve increased CSF pressure. The hydrocephalus may be caused by a congenital defect, cyst, tumor, trauma, infection, or CBF absorption…
Most sensitive noninvasive monitorEarliest detector (before air enters pulmonary circulation) NonquantitativeMay be difficult to place in obese patients, patients with chest wall deformity, or patients in the prone or lateral…
J Transsphenoidal tumor resections 1. Introduction Approximately 10% of intracranial neoplasms are found in the pituitary gland and are diagnosed because of their mass effects or the hypersecretion of pituitary hormones….
I Stereotactic surgery 1. Introduction Stereotactic surgery is a neurosurgical technique that makes detailed use of the relationship between the three-dimensional space occupied by intracranial structures or lesions and an extracranial…
H Posterior fossa procedures 1. Introduction Neuropathology within the posterior fossa may impair control of the airway, respiratory function, cardiovascular function, autonomic function, and consciousness. The major motor and sensory pathways,…
BSA, Body surface area; CVP, cardioventricular pacing; DIA BP, diastolic blood pressure; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; HR, heart rate; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; PAP, peak airway pressure;…
G Epilepsy surgery 1. Introduction Surgery is recommended for patients with epilepsy when seizure control is intractable to conventional medical treatment. The goal of epilepsy surgery is to remove a focal…
IM, Intramuscular; IV, intravenous. Adapted from Ding Z, White PF. Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:1351-1364; White PF. Perioperative Drug Manual. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2005; Wagner KJ,…
E Craniotomy 1. Introduction Intracranial masses may be congenital, neoplastic (benign, malignant, or metastatic), infectious (abscess or cyst), or vascular (hematoma or malformation). Most, but not all, anesthetics can be used…
D Cranioplasty 1. Introduction Cranioplasty can be performed for a bony tumor resulting from traumatic injury (e.g., depressed skull fracture) or, more rarely, from a condition resulting from a congenital malformation…
