Physiology of the Newborn
Although adrenergic receptors are thought to be mature at birth, sympathetic innervation is incomplete. After birth, neurotransmitter concentrations increase progressively, reflecting the maturation of sympathetic innervation. When compared to the…
Peripherally Acting Analgesics
COX-1 is constitutively expressed and catalyzes the production of prostaglandins that are involved in numerous physiologic functions, including maintenance of normal renal function in the kidneys, mucosal protection in the…
Pain Physiology
A variety of receptors and ion channels have been identified on dorsal root ganglion neurons and on peripheral terminals of nociceptive afferent fibers. These receptors, including purinergic,5 metabotropic glutamatergic, tachykinin,6…
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Achondroplasia. FIG. 1. A young infant with achondroplasia. His head and ventricles are large, although his head circumference is within normal limits for a child with achondroplasia. He had a…
Starting with Numerals
4p-syndrome. This 10-year-old girl with 4p-syndrome has characteristic facies. She has profound psychomotor retardation. She does not walk or talk. Cardiovascular : Atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonary stenosis. Neuromuscular…
