Condition Point C Congestive heart failure 1 H Hypertension: blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mmHg (or treated hypertension on medication) 1 A Age ≥ 75 years 1 D Diabetes mellitus 1…
# Cesarean delivery Probability (%) of accreta 1 3 2 >10 3 40 4 or above >60 Imaging tests can aid in the diagnosis of placenta accreta. Ultrasound has both…
Advantages Limitations Radical retropubic prostatectomy Superb surgical exposure Challenging in obese patients Facilitates nerve-sparing surgery Vascular field Allows simultaneous staging Increased blood loss Increased blood transfusion rate Perineal prostatectomy…
Pregnancy Severe skeletal deformities Severe obesity Aortic or renal artery aneurysm? Urinary obstruction distal to stone Uncontrolled anticoagulation Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled urinary tract infection Procedure Techniques Classically, PCNL is done…
Glomerulopathies Primary glomerular disease Focal glomerulosclerosis Membranous nephropathy Immunoglobulin A nephropathy Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Glomerulopathies associated with systemic disease Amyloidosis Postinfectious glomerulonephritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Wegener’s granulomatosis Tubulointerstitial disease Analgesic nephropathy…
Absorption of irrigating fluid Circulatory overload and hypoosmolality Hyponatremia Glycine and ammonia toxicity Bladder perforation Transient bacteremia and septicemia Hypothermia Bleeding and coagulopathy TURP syndrome The Surgical Procedure The TURP…
where U = urinary concentration of creatinine (mg/100 ml); P = plasma concentration of creatinine (mg/100 ml); and V = urine volume (ml/min) [7]. Normal CrCl are 85–125 ml/min in…
Principles of Critical Care Ultrasonography Phillips Perera, Laleh Gharahbaghian, Thomas “Tom” Mailhot, Sarah R. Williams, and Diku P. Mandavia BACKGROUND Traditionally, clinicians have divided shock into four distinct categories. In…
Infections in the Immunocompromised Host M. Cristina Vazquez-Guillamet, Joshua J. Mooney, and Joe L. Hsu BACKGROUND Recent decades have challenged the emergency physician to manage an evolving spectrum of infections…
Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Chanu Rhee and Michael Klompas BACKGROUND In the past several decades, advances in the development of antimicrobial agents have supplied the physician with dozens of drugs…
