Acute Renal Insufficiency (Failure)
Introduction One of the primary roles of the kidneys is to filter waste material from the blood. The inability of the kidneys to do this leads to renal failure. Acute…
Perioperative Considerations for Surgical Emergencies
Risk stratification Procedure examples Vascular (reported cardiac risk often more than 5%) Aortic and other major vascular surgery Peripheral vascular surgery Intermediate (reported cardiac risk generally 1–5%) Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic…
Acute Lung Injury in the Acute Care Surgery Patient
Cytokine Action IL-1β (beta) Increased vascular permeability and apoptosis of epithelial cells IL-8 Increased neutrophil aggregation and activation TNF-α (alpha) Induction of inflammation, cachexia, and increased transcription of cytokines TGF-β…
Multiple Organ Failure
Goals to prevent MOF •Prevent ventilatory failure by early support, not allowing the lungs to fail and produce hypoxemia. •Avoid fluid overload, maintaining a urine output of 25–50 ml/h and…
Surgical Procedures in the Intensive Care Unit
Grade 1 Mild ascites visible by ultrasound only Grade 2 Moderate ascites, evident by symmetrical distention Grade 3 Large ascites, gross ascites with marked distention In patients with MOF, some…
A History of Neuroanesthesia
Fig. 64.1 A trephined skull from 3,500 BC demonstrates a rounded edge of the hole, indicating that healing had taken place and that the patient had survived the procedure. (From…
The Evolution of Anaesthesia in the British Isles
Fig. 30.1 Sir Ivan “Paddy” Magill (1888–1986) holding an equine version of his tracheal tube Magill contributed to academic anaesthesia and the recognition of anaesthesia as a specialty through the…
History of Respiratory Gas Monitoring in Anesthesia
Fig. 55.1 Stuart Cullen demonstrated inhalation anesthesia in Copenhagen to Ralph Waters and several of the Danish anesthesia faculty of the World Health Organization Anesthesia training course for 3rd world…
Pediatric Anesthesia
General Dental Ophthalmologic Orthopedic Plastic Urologic Number (Percent) 35 (8.9%) 43 (10.9%) 24 (6.1%) 118 (30.0%) 133 (33.8%) 40 (10.2%) Amazingly, 98% of Snow’s patients survived. Of the five…
A History of Pain Relief During Childbirth
Fig. 62.1 a Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson was the first to use inhalation anesthesia (ether) for labor pain relief. Shortly thereafter he discovered the anesthetizing capacity of chloroform and…
