Anesthesia Key

Route of administration Insulin Onset of action Peak of action Effective duration of action Subcutaneous Regular human insulin 30–60 min 2–3 h 4–6 h Subcutaneous Rapid-acting analogues (aspart, lispro, glulisine) 15 min 30–90 min 3–4 h…

Target PPM, antimicrobials, manoeuvres Total daily dosea  <5 years 5–12 years  >12 years Parenteral antimicrobials – – – Cefotaxime, mg 150/kg 200/kg 4,000 Enteral antimicrobials – – – Oropharynx – – – AGNB:…

Clinical summary Indications Cautions Complications Notes High-risk coronary artery bypass grafting Aortic regurgitation Aggravation of aortic regurgitation Imaging is required to confirm correct aortic placement of this device Severe myocardial…

Study Setting No. of patients Blood products End points Results (%) p van de Watering [5] Cardiac surgery 914 BCD-RBC vs. LR (pre-storage) vs. LR (poststorage) 60-day mortality 7.8 vs….

Study N Drug Onset and duration Surgery Results Mangano/1966 200 Atenolol 50–100 mg Before induction—7-d postop Noncardiac surgery Reduced mortality at 6 m (0 vs. 8 %, p < 0.001), at 1 y (3 vs. 14 %, p = 0.005),…

RCT Sites Dates N patients Inclusion criteria Rx protocol Endpoints Results a Wallace et al. [13] (2004) double-blind clonidine vs placebo single center None 190 patients Randomization 2:1 Rx = 125 Placebo = 65…

Clinical summary Technique Indications Cautions Notes Neuraxial anesthesia Lower extremity major joint procedures – Suggestive reduction in mortality Neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia Cardiac surgery Neuraxial hematoma No conclusive effect on mortality Neuraxial…

Fig. 7.1 Levosimendan myocardial mechanism of action 7.4 Therapeutic Use Levosimendan is largely metabolized in the liver and in a smaller proportion in the intestine and is eliminated by renal and…

Traditional approach to consensus Web-based approach to consensus Advantages   Widely used and well known Democratic Logistically easy to implement Inclusive and open Often supported by learned societies Consensus could…