Skull Base Surgery
Fig. 27.1 ABR responses with changes due to retractor effect Differential Diagnosis of ABR Findings Several nonphysiological processes may contribute to changes in ABRs during IOM [14]. Inherent to any…
Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit
Criteria SIADH CSW DI Serum sodium mmol/L <135 <135 >145 Serum osmolarity mOsm/kg <285 <285 >290 Urine osmolarity mOsm/kg >200 >200 >200 Urine sodium mmol/L >25 >25 – Fluid balance…
Anesthesia for Awake Neurosurgery
Fig. 18.1 Flexile screen placed at the head of the table serves to protect the face, enable communication with the patient, and to monitor the airway The anesthesiologist will need…
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery
Fig. 22.1 Angiogram of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Treatment options for AVMs include expectant monitoring versus complete obliteration using microneurosurgery, endovascular techniques, or radiosurgery. Embolization can be employed presurgically or…
Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring During Surgery for Supratentorial Mass Lesions
Fig. 23.1 MEP monitoring during surgery for supratentorial tumor surgery with MEP changes Possible Causes of the MEP Change and the Role of the Surgical Interventions First, inadvertent bolus injections of anesthetics or…
Deep Brain Stimulation
Fig. 5.1 Single-unit recordings under two different anesthetics . Each tracing shows 1 s of data. Tracings recorded from the same patient during a bilateral DBS STN procedure (a and…
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Fig. 13.1 The drawing at the left depicts the transtemporal insonation of the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) at a depth (i.e., distance) of 55 mm…
A Guide to Central Nervous System Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring
Fig. 12.1 The shaded parabolas illustrate the transcranial photon paths from a scalp-mounted infrared (IR) light source to adjacent proximal (shallow) and distal (deep) sensors. The photon paths depicted represent…
Surgical Techniques of Heart Transplantation and Heart–Lung Transplantation
Fig. 12.1 Rationale and sequence of chapter. The headings, subheadings, and sections are displayed in columns from left to right I. Heart Transplantation A. Isolated heart donor harvest for heart…
Perfusion Management for Thoracic Transplantation Surgery
Fig. 17.1 Schematic representation of a cardiopulmonary bypass and ECMO circuit At the start of surgery, it may be unclear which, if any, mechanical support (CPB versus ECMO) will be…
