Anatomy of vertebrae
Chapter 1: Anatomy of vertebrae Andrew Olsen, Chase Beal, Chong Kim Introduction The spine consists of 33 vertebrae: 24 presacral, 5 fused sacral, and 4 coccygeal. This structure together with…
Surgical instruments
Chapter 2: Surgical instruments Brian R. Brenner, Tyler Ericson, Priyanka Singla, Lynn Kohan Common instruments used during surgical procedures of the spine In general, vertebrae get larger cranial to caudal;…
Interspinous fusion with lateral percutaneous technique
Chapter 7: Interspinous fusion with lateral percutaneous technique Michael Gyorfi, Steven M. Falowski, Alaa Abd-Elsayed Introduction The lateral percutaneous technique is a minimally invasive approach to interspinous-interlaminar fusion with a…
Minimally invasive posterior lumbar fusion—a novel approach to facet fusion
Chapter 5: Minimally invasive posterior lumbar fusion—a novel approach to facet fusion Michael Gyorfi, Omar Viswanath, Alaa Abd-Elsayed Introduction Facet fusion, or posterior lumbar fusion (PLF), is one of the…
Patient selection for minimally invasive spine surgery
Chapter 3: Patient selection for minimally invasive spine surgery Jay Darji, Jason Hamamoto, Behnum Habibi Introduction Low back pain is a common health problem suffered by millions of people worldwide…
Perioperative management and best practices
Chapter 4: Perioperative management and best practices Ryan Steven D’Souza, Alaa Abd-Elsayed Introduction As evidence grows for the benefits of percutaneous fusion procedures in the treatment of mechanical low back…
Measuring outcomes
Chapter 8: Measuring outcomes Ryan Steven D’Souza, Mayank Gupta, Alaa Abd-Elsayed Introduction The assessment of pain is complex and challenging. It is crucial that clinicians and researchers use validated instruments…
31: Anesthesia for Miscellaneous Cardiac Lesions
CHAPTER 31Anesthesia for Miscellaneous Cardiac Lesions Ian McKenzie1, Maria Markakis Zestos2, Stephen A. Stayer4, Edward Kaminski2, Paul Davies1, and Dean B. Andropoulos3 1 Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The…
15: Transesophageal and Epicardial Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease
CHAPTER 15Transesophageal and Epicardial Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease Annette Vegas1 and Wanda C. Miller‐Hance2,3 1 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2 Department…
21: Hemodynamic Management
CHAPTER 21Hemodynamic Management Mirela Bojan1 and Philippe Pouard2 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Congenital Cardiac Unit, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris‐Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France 2 Head of Intensive…
