Fig. 9.1 Algorithm for the initial evaluation of the patient with suspected blunt abdominal trauma (FAST focused abdominal sonography for trauma, DPA diagnostic peritoneal aspirate, CT computed tomography, Hct hematocrit)…
Age group Weight range (kg) Heart rate (beats/min) Blood pressure (mmHg) Respiratory rate (breaths/min) Urinary output (ml/kg/h) 0–12 months 3.5–10 <160 >60 <60 2.0 1–2 years 10–14 <150 >70 <40…
Fig. 7.1 Schematic: The dynamics of the initial response of various tissues following injury is often characterized by highly significant secondary cellular damage due to protracted ischaemia and a pro-inflammatory…
1 Contusion or nonexpanding subcapsular hematoma. No laceration 2 Nonexpanding perirenal hematoma, cortical laceration < 1 cm deep w/o extravasation 3 Cortical laceration > 1 cm w/o urinary extravasation 4 Laceration: through…
Fig. 19.1 Open fracture of the right lower limb following a motorcycle accident showing extensive loss of soft tissue injury, periosteal stripping an major wound contamination (Type IIIb following the…
Fig. 22.1 This 28-year-old male was involved in a high-speed motorcycle crash and sustained significant forefoot and midfoot trauma. The heel pad was severely damaged in this case which happens…
Fig. 23.1 (a) Gunshot fracture to a 25-year-old counter-terrorist fighter, caused by an AK-47. (b) Three months following irrigation, debridement, and fixation with a proximal femoral nail (Synthes, Battlach, Switzerland)…
Fig. 27.1 External fixator used as temporizing device awaiting soft tissue resolution in this multiply injured with severe midfoot fracture/dislocation. (a) Mid foot fracture/dislocation in multiply injured patient. (b, c)…
1. Early diagnosis and differentiation of necrotizing vs. non-necrotizing SSTI 2. Early initiation of appropriate empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with anti-MRSA coverage and consideration of risk factors for specific pathogens…
Injury severity score <25 GCS <9 Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg Pulse >90/min Increased transfusion requirement Increased volume replacement Associated injuries (AIS >3) Head Chest Abdomen Spine Comorbidities Haematological disease…
