1. While many patients with a diagnosis of asthma have relatively uneventful anesthetics, all children who carry that diagnosis should be carefully and thoroughly evaluated prior to induction and plans made…
1. In pediatric anesthesia, the evaluation of the patient’s psychological state is of particular importance. 2. There are no routine laboratory evaluations for pediatric patients. Rather, the specific procedure will dictate what…
1. Informed consent is the process by which adult patients’ autonomy and agency are honored in medicine decision making. 2. In pediatrics, parents are the surrogate decision makers for the children, and…
II.Asthma A. Introduction 1. Asthma presentation and symptoms. Asthma causes episodic partially reversible airway obstruction resulting from bronchoconstriction, inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and mucous plugging. Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and…
I. Introduction II. Focused cardiac ultrasound A. Introduction B. Techniques C. Clinical applications D. FoCUS training, certification, and program maintenance III. Pulmonary ultrasound A. Introduction B. Technique C. Applications IV….
3. Left heart obstruction (mitral valve area <2 cm2, aortic valve area <1.5 cm2, or peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient >30 mm Hg by echocardiography) 4. Reduced left ventricular function (ejection…
2. Despite the very low incidence of neurologic injury, it represents a significant contributor to malpractice litigation. Davies et al.11 performed an obstetric anesthesia closed claims analysis of 426 claims from…
Vascular spasm, mediated by vasoconstrictor substances released from platelets, reduces blood flow and occurs in the first stages of hemostasis. Damaged endothelium attracts platelets, which adhere to it, forming a…
