Anesthesia Key

9 Lumbar Injection Therapy Pain in the lumbar spine primarily arises in the two inferior lumbar vertebral motor segments, i. e., L4/L5 and L5/S1. One reason why the most marked…

7 Cervical Injection Therapy Specialized Cervical Neuroanatomy Chronic cervical pain arises primarily in the lower cervical vertebral motor segments from C5 to T1. One reason for this is that the…

4 Symptomatic Pain Therapy Introduction Symptomatic orthopedic pain therapy concentrates on nociception in bones, muscles, tendons, and joints after the pain stimulus has already acted on the body. This means…

8 Thoracic Injection Therapy Acute and chronic pain in the thoracic spine plays only a minor role compared to that of the cervical and lumbar spine. This applies both to…

12 Summary Cervical Spine CSPA (Cervical Spinal Nerve Analgesia) CEI (Cervical Epidural Injection) CxFI (Cervical Facet Infiltration) Thoracic Spine TSPA (Thoracic Spinal Nerve Analgesia) TxFI (Thoracic Facet Infiltration) CTB (Costotransverse…

10 General and Specific Complications and Treatment Measures Vasovagal Syncope Vasovagal syncope and orthostatic collapse are associated mainly with a drop in blood pressure, tinnitus, pallor, nausea, and in some…

11 Multimodal Spinal Therapy The spectrum of treatment for back and neck pain ranges from the simple application of heat and administration of analgesics at one extreme to open surgery…

I General Section 1 Basic Principles Orthopedic Pain Therapy NOTE Orthopedics is the medical specialism that concerns itself with the musculoskeletal system. As such, it deals with the diseases and…

2 Diagnostics Medical History Taking a precise medical history is important in the diagnosis of orthopedic pain. Acute pain originating from the musculoskeletal system demonstrates certain characteristics: It is position-dependent,…

II Atlas Section 5 The Spine: Anatomy, Nociception, and the Distribution of Pain Signals Terminology The most common forms of acute and chronic pain originating from the spine arise from…