67 Nosocomial Pneumonia Gianluigi Li Bassi, Miguel Ferrer, Antoni Torres Definitions Nosocomial pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by pathogens predominantly present in hospital settings.1 Nosocomial pneumonia…
60 Severe Asthma Exacerbation Thomas C. Corbridge, Susan J. Corbridge Magnitude of the Problem Each year in the United States, acute asthma accounts for approximately 1.8 million emergency department visits,…
30 Critical Neuropathophysiology W. Andrew Kofke Neural function is essential to human existence. Thus, loss of any neural element in the course of a critical illness represents a major loss…
197 Liver Transplantation David J. Kramer Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). It affords the opportunity for a disabled person to…
171 Ethanol, Methanol, and Ethylene Glycol James A. Kruse Ethanol Intoxication Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is one of many compounds chemically classified as alcohols, but…
40 Neuroimaging David J. Michelson, Stephen Ashwal Methods Plain Radiographs Plain radiographs can be acquired rapidly and inexpensively but are of limited value in studying patients with suspected central nervous…
83 Myocarditis and Acute Myopathies Fredric Ginsberg, Joseph E. Parrillo Myocarditis in the Intensive Care Unit Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of heart muscle.1 Many different etiologic agents have been…
48 Mechanical Ventilation Neil R. Macintyre Positive-pressure mechanical ventilatory support provides pressure and flow to the airways to effect oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) transport between the environment and…
210 Pediatric Trauma Bradley Peterson, Susan Duthie Injury is the leading cause of medical expenditure for children aged 5 to 14 years. In addition, traumatic injury accounts for approximately 300,000…
113 Fluids and Electrolytes in Children Desmond Bohn The fundamental principles that govern fluid and electrolyte physiology in pediatrics are in many instances similar to those in adults, particularly in…
