Arterial Hypoxemia
8 Arterial Hypoxemia Paul Rogers Respiratory distress with hypoxemia is a common reason for patients to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Because a patient’s arterial oxygen saturation…
Hypomagnesemia
16 Hypomagnesemia Moustafa Hassan, Robert N. Cooney Magnesium is an important ion that participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, especially those involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a cofactor. Hypomagnesemia is…
Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
5 Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure Michael Donahoe The Joint National Committee (JNC) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure has defined two acute conditions of…
Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia
13 Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia John K. McIlwaine, Howard L. Corwin Disorders of plasma sodium concentration—that is, hypernatremia and hyponatremia—are among the most common clinical problems observed in the critically ill….
Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia
15 Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia Colin Bauer, Anahat Dhillon Phosphate Homeostasis Derangements in the metabolism of phosphate are common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and can be clinically significant. Phosphate…
Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
14 Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia Sergio Zanotti-Cavazzoni Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia are the most common electrolyte abnormalities found in hospitalized patients.1 The precise prevalence of potassium abnormalities in critically ill patients is…
Agitation and Delirium
2 Agitation and Delirium Arna Banerjee, E. Wesley Ely, Pratik P. Pandharipande Agitation and delirium are commonly encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). They are more than just an…
