Severe Heart Failure
82 Severe Heart Failure Eduard Shantsila, Benjamin Wrigley, Michael D. Sosin, Gregory Y.H. Lip Heart failure is a very common condition with high mortality and morbidity rates. Data from the…
Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
137 Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient Yoshiro Hayashi, David L. Paterson Many immunocompromised patients are managed in intensive care units (ICUs) every year, with infection being a leading cause of…
Acute Coronary Syndromes
76 Acute Coronary Syndromes Therapy Joanne Mazzarelli, Steven M. Hollenberg Definition and Clinical Manifestations Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) account for nearly 2 million hospitalizations annually in the United States, and…
Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
35 Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Allyson R. Zazulia, Michael N. Diringer Intracerebral Hemorrhage Spontaneous (nontraumatic) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 10% of all strokes in North America and…
Hyperglycemic Comas
163 Hyperglycemic Comas P. Vernon Van Heerden Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemia syndrome (HNHS) are life-threatening syndromes caused by metabolic derangement associated with diabetes mellitus, both insulin dependent…
Biochemical, Cellular, and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and Secondary Brain Injury in Critical Care
29 Biochemical, Cellular, and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and Secondary Brain Injury in Critical Care Robert S.B. Clark, Larry Jenkins, Hülya Bayir, Patrick M. Kochanek In this chapter, we…
Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism
112 Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism Michelle K. Mcnutt, Rosemary A. Kozar Serum Calcium Concentration The calcium concentration is essential to many physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity…
Hepatorenal Syndrome
99 Hepatorenal Syndrome Anahat Dhillon An association between advanced liver disease, ascites, and renal failure was described as early as 1861. It is a form of renal failure occurring in…
Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease in Children
84 Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease in Children Duncan Macrae Physiology Circulatory Changes at Birth During the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life, major circulatory changes occur which have important…
