Adult Congenital Heart Disease

May 1, 2019 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is common, occurring—if bicuspid aortic valve (AV) is excluded—in approximately 1% of all live births. The most common defects and the incidence of each are outlined…

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Transthoracic Echocardiography Standard Views

May 1, 2019 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Transthoracic Echocardiography Standard Views

In the ICU, transthoracic imaging is usually the first echocardiographic imaging modality performed and may yield sufficient clinical information without the need to proceed to TEE. TTE and TEE both…

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Lung Ultrasound

May 1, 2019 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Lung Ultrasound

Ultrasound waves are unable to penetrate aerated lung tissue. Historically, this has limited lung ultrasound almost exclusively to the evaluation of pleural effusions. More recently, the recognition that analysis of…

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Prosthetic Valves

May 1, 2019 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Prosthetic Valves

In the practice guidelines published in 1996 by the American Stroke Association and (SCA), the assessment of valve replacement surgery is a category II indication for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (TEE…

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The Mitral Valve

May 1, 2019 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on The Mitral Valve

The mitral valve (MV) is ideally suited to examination with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) because it lies close to the esophagus and is separated from the transducer by the blood-filled left…

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The Thoracic Aorta

May 1, 2019 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on The Thoracic Aorta

The examination of the thoracic aorta is an essential component of both routine and emergent echocardiographic examinations. The aorta and its major branches can be visualized with echocardiography using a…

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