Acute Pain Management and Prevention
Age Self-report scale Hetero-evaluation scale Premature and infants n/a PIPP-R,COMFORT Before 3 years n/a FLACC After 5–6 years Faces, Poker Chips, NRS, VAS FLACC, CHEOPS Situation PACU/ward VAS, Faces, Poker…
Negative Behaviour After Surgery
Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale Face 0. No particular expression/smile, eye contact and interest in surroundings 1. Occasional grimace or frown, withdrawn, disinterested, worried look to face, eyebrows lowered,…
Noninvasive Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring During the Perioperative Period
Motion artifact Poor perfusion due to hypothermia or decreased cardiac output Nail polish and artificial nails Skin pigmentation Cardiac arrhythmias Electromagnetic interference from surgical cautery Ambient light Abnormal hemoglobin variants…
Perioperative Medicine
Fig. 1.1 Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for abdominal surgery: perioperative elements. Published by Varadhan KK et al Crit Care Clin 2010;26:527–47– Fig. 3. Components of ERAS. – Elsevier Inc…
Preoperative Preparation
Fig. 3.1 Play preparation for anesthesia by Giocamico Specialists also prepare children who have to undergo painful procedures in sedation analgesia. Also promising is the preparation of children aged 5–10…
Perioperative Care of Children with Cancer
Type of cancer Age (years) Overall 0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 0–19 Leukemias 36.1 33.4 21.8 12.4 25.2 CNS tumors 16.6 27.7 19.6 9.5 16.7 Lymphomas 3.9 12.9 20.6 25.1 15.5…
Perioperative Care of Children with OSA
History Frequent snoring (≥3 nights/week) Labored breathing during sleep Gasps/snoring noises/observed episodes of apnea Sleep enuresis (especially secondary enuresis) after ≥6 months of continence Sleeping in a seated position or…
Preoperative Consideration in Common Pathological and Nonpathological Conditions
Level Step Steroids Add therapy 1 Mild intermittent asthma No Inhaled short-acting β2-agonist as required 2 Regular preventer therapy Up to 400 mcg/die BDP LABA 3 Initial add-on therapy Up…
Perioperative Care of Children with a Metabolic Disease
Neuromuscular Any developmental delay? muscles: spasticity, contractures, hypotonia? Seizures: controlled or not? Medical treatment? Airway Difficult intubation/ventilation? Any risk for regurgitation/inhalation? chronic lung infection? Signs of obstructive or central sleep…
Pain After Surgical Correction of Congenital Chest Wall Deformities
Fig. 9.1 CT scan of a patient with severe PE (Haller Index of 7) as well as significant sternal tilt 9.1.2 Surgical Technique The standard approach to repair of PE…
