Physics and “knobology”
Figure 1.1 The evolution of ultrasound. When ultrasound was introduced, it was (a) a large apparatus that required (b) the immersion of a patient into a waterbath. (c) and (d)…
Pelvic obstetrics
Expected gestational age at appearance (wks) β-hCG level (mIU/mL) Transabdominal Endovaginal IUP Gestational sac 5.5–6 4.5–5 >2,000 Yolk sac 6–6.5 5–5.5 7,000 Fetal pole 7 5.5–6 11,000 Cardiac activity 7…
The pediatric abdomen
Objectives/indications Children frequently present to the pediatric emergency department with symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. While these symptoms are most often related to self-limiting illnesses, they may be…
Hepatobiliary
Figure 11.1 Anatomy. (a) The orientation of the gallbladder underneath the liver. Important surrounding structures to note are the portal vein, IVC, and the duodenum. Artwork created by Emily Evans…
HEENT (head, ears, eyes, nose, throat): ocular, sinus, neck ultrasound
Objectives/indications Children often present to the emergency department with complaints regarding the head and neck. Such pathology affecting the head and neck involves infectious processes, anatomic abnormalities, and trauma. Only…
Vascular access
Figure 15.1 Short-axis view in a phantom model. (a) This is a short-axis view with picture-in-picture of a phantom gel being cannulated. On the ultrasound image, the vessel appears as…
Renal, bladder
Figure 9.1 Anatomy. (a) The kidneys, ureter, and bladder. (b) The structure of the kidney itself, including the cortex and medulla. Artwork created by Emily Evans © Cambridge University Press….
Neonates and infants
Objectives/indications Both premature infants and full-term infants may present with pathology distinct to the neonatal period. The majority of these entities occur in the critically ill neonate, in the neonatal…
Peripheral nerve blocks
Figure 20.1 A peripheral nerve in short-axis or transverse view: hypoechoic fascicles in a hyperechoic background, often described as “honeycomb” in appearance. Ultrasound-guided procedure The selection of an anesthetic agent…
Male genitourinary: scrotal pain, swelling
Figure 12.1 Anatomy of the scrotum with blood supply. (a) Diagram of the normal scrotal anatomy showing tunica albuginea surrounding the testis and the extratesticular epididymis. Illustration by Laura Berg,…
