Paediatric trauma
Chapter 103 Paediatric trauma Neil T. Matthews The management of paediatric trauma is different from adults. Paediatric patients presenting with trauma have mechanisms of injury, clinical symptoms and examination findings…
Haematological malignancies
Chapter 92 Haematological malignancies James P. Isbister The treatment of haematological malignancy has been an evolving success story. In recent years, the prognosis for patients with acute leukaemia has changed…
Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin immunomodulatory therapy
Chapter 90 Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin immunomodulatory therapy James P. Isbister Bloodletting to remove ‘evil humours’ has a long history of over 2000 years. Although not based on…
Enteral and parenteral nutrition
Chapter 87 Enteral and parenteral nutrition Richard Leonard It is standard practice to provide nutritional support to critically ill patients, in order to • treat existing malnutrition • minimise wasting…
HIV and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Chapter 60 HIV and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Steve Wesselingh, Martyn AH. French HIV REPLICATION Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) 1 and 2 are retroviruses of the Lentivirus group. Like other…
Renal replacement therapy
Chapter 41 Renal replacement therapy Rinaldo Bellomo When acute renal failure (ARF) is severe, resolution can take several days or weeks. During this time, the kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis of…
Envenomation
Chapter 76 Envenomation James Tibballs Envenomation by species of snakes, spiders, ticks, bees, ants, wasps, jellyfish, octopuses or cone shell snails may threaten life, while envenomation by other creatures may…
Vasodilators and antihypertensives
Chapter 83 Vasodilators and antihypertensives John A. Myburgh Vasodilators are a generic group of drugs that are primarily used in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the management of acute…
Cerebral protection
Chapter 45 Cerebral protection Victoria Heaviside, Michelle Hayes The cerebral circulation is arguably the most important and most vulnerable in the body. Arrest of the circulation for only a few…
Sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation in the intensive care unit
Chapter 81 Sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation in the intensive care unit Peter V. van Heerden Despite the widespread use of sedative and analgesic agents in the intensive care unit…
