Anesthesia Key

Fig. 12.1 Course of the fetal circulation in late gestation. Note the selective blood flow patterns across the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. From Greeley WJ, Berkowitz DH, Nathan AT….

Fig. 10.1 Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Chest radiograph in a neonate with a left-sided amorphous cystic mass filling most of the left hemithorax. The cardiac silhouette is shifted to the…

where y is the variable of interest (e.g., basal metabolic rate), a is the allometric coefficient, and PWR is the allometric exponent. The value of the PWR has been the…

Fig. 2.1 The fetal circulation is characterized by high pulmonary arterial mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance and low pulmonary blood flow. At birth, the dramatic decrease in pulmonary…

Fig. 5.1 When mask ventilating a small infant, the middle finger rests on the mandible to provide chin lift without compression of soft tissues in the submental triangle In most…

Organ system Optical signals Electrical signals Mechanical signals Acoustic signals Chemical signals Central nervous system NIRS aEEG EMG ABR SSEP    Respiratory Gas analysis Impedance plethysmography Peak pressure Tidal volume Minute…

Fig. 13.1 Physiologic factors in the full-term and premature infants that can influence their management during anesthesia and surgery. See text for details 1. Oxygen toxicity: Human fetuses are hypoxemic…

Fig. 8.1 Changes in fluid homeostasis and regulation in neonates (especially preterm neonates) lead to poor concentrating capacity and urinary loss of sodium. Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance after birth…

Author Number of institutions Number cases Complications References Murrell (1992) Sydney, Australia 1 20 0 [33] Van Niekerk (1990) Utrecht, Netherlands 1 20 V 1 [146] Bosenberg (1998, 2005) South…

While the MAP remains within a specific range, cerebral perfusion is under autoregulatory control. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is the intrinsic ability of the cerebral vasculature to maintain constant…