!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC SURGERY Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery (Laryngoscopy, Microlaryngoscopy, Esophagoscopy, and Bronchoscopy) Preoperative evaluation should focus on airway management, particularly given that operative…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR OPHTHALMIC SURGERY Intraocular Pressure and Oculocardiac Reflex Intraocular pressure (IOP) is normally 12 to 20 mm Hg. The eye can be…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS WITH NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE Myasthenia Gravis Causes: Autoimmune destruction or inactivation of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR GENITOURINARY SURGERY Cystoscopy Preoperative considerations: Indications include hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal calculi, and urinary obstruction. Possible procedures include…
• Most anesthetic drugs are lipophilic, resulting in a Vd that exceeds total body water (∼ 40 L). For example the Vd of fentanyl is about 350 L in adults,…
Parkinson Disease • Parkinson disease (PD) is a common movement disorder that typically affects individuals age 50 to 70 years. Clinical signs and symptoms: This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by…
Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery • General: Reversible decreases in RBF, GFR, urinary flow, and sodium excretion occur during both regional and general anesthesia. Such changes are less pronounced during…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR NEUROSURGERY Intracranial Hypertension • Intracranial hypertension is defined as a sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) above 15 mm Hg. Intracranial…
• Pathophysiology: The embolic occlusions will decrease total blood flow into the pulmonary circulation, worsening V/Q ratios and increasing pulmonary shunt and hypoxemia. Pulmonary infarction can occur if bronchial…
