Management of General Anesthesia

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Management of General Anesthesia

There are many features of the administration of general anesthesia that differ between children and adults. In this chapter, we discuss those differences, with an emphasis on anesthetic medications and…

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Routine Airway Management

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Routine Airway Management

General anesthesiologists that occasionally anesthetize children should be intimately familiar with the anatomy of the pediatric upper airway. In this chapter, the pertinent features of the pediatric airway and the…

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Temperature Regulation

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Temperature Regulation

This chapter reviews the importance of thermoregulation and temperature monitoring in anesthetized children. It addresses the significance of keeping children normothermic and will help the trainee understand why pediatric anesthesiologists…

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Monitoring

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Monitoring

Four monitors are used for virtually every pediatric anesthesia case: pulse oximetry, capnography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood pressure measurement. These monitors are components of the Basic Monitoring Standards of the…

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Fluid and Blood Administration

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Fluid and Blood Administration

A variety of intravenous fluid and blood products are administered to children in the perioperative period. Indications include preoperative deficit replacement, ongoing maintenance requirements, fluid loss replacement, and treatment of…

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The Formerly Premature Infant

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on The Formerly Premature Infant

With the advent of antenatal steroids, surfactant therapy, and the overall improvement in care of extremely premature infants, mortality from medical problems of prematurity has decreased. However, as survival rates…

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Endocrine Diseases

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Endocrine Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus The endocrine condition most frequently encountered in the perioperative period in children is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is the result of an absolute or functional deficiency of insulin…

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The Premature Infant

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on The Premature Infant

In the last several decades, the incidence of prematurity in the United States has risen to 11.5%. Maternal risk factors for prematurity include absence of prenatal care, low socioeconomic status,…

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Genetic and Inherited Diseases

Nov 2, 2022 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Genetic and Inherited Diseases

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) With an incidence of approximately1 in 700 live births , trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal abnormality and the most common cause of intellectual disability…

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