Anesthesia Key

Seizures and Status Epilepticus Khalid Al-Ansari Introduction Seizures are a common presentation to the emergency department 4-10% of children have at least one seizure during childhood Majority of seizures during…

Altered Level of Consciousness Anna D. Jarvis Introduction Altered states of consciousness may vary from mild impairment to deep unresponsiveness and can signal present or impending life-threatening situations. Definitions Consciousness:…

Headache Abdullah Al-Anazi Introduction 60-70% of children experience headache by the age of 7-9 years Relatively unusual presentation in pediatric patients as an isolated complaint (0.7% to 1.3% of visits)…

Adrenal Crisis William Mounstephen Introduction Often presents with nonspecific complaints Requires high index of suspicion Adrenal cortex unable to produce enough glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid in response to stress Table 44.1…

Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Kelly Keogh Andrew Mason Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis results from hematogenous dissemination of an organism into the metaphysis of a long bone Occasionally direct inoculation into bone from…

Limp Leah Harrington Introduction Common presentation to emergency department May be difficult to localize source of pain (e.g., hip pain may be referred to knee) Young children often not able…

Kawasaki Disease Susa Benseler Introduction Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory syndrome that causes a systemic vasculitis with predilection of the coronary arteries Etiology unclear; however, a wide variety of…

Rheumatologic Emergencies Susa Benseler Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) Vasculitis Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Arthritis (inflammation of the…

Hematologic Emergencies Amina Lalani Rahim Valani Introduction Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Hemolytic uremic syndrome Henoch-Schonlein purpura Anemia Hemophilia Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Most common platelet disorder in children ages 1-4 yrs…