J Anesthesia for the pregnant patient undergoing a nonobstetric procedure 1. Introduction a) Surgery for nonobstetric procedures occurs in up to 2% of women. b) Approximately 42% of procedures occur in the first…
I Obstetric complications From 1990 to 2005, the maternal mortality rate in the United States was 15 per 100,000 live births. The most common causes of maternal death include hemorrhage,…
H Vaginal delivery 1. Preoperative assessment See the discussion of C-section earlier in this section. 2. Patient preparation a) All patients should have an IV catheter 18 gauge or larger placed and should…
G Pelvic exenteration 1. Introduction Pelvic exenteration is performed for the treatment of advanced, recurrent, radioresistant cervical carcinoma. It is considered a radical surgical approach because all pelvic tissues, including the…
F Loop electrosurgical excision procedure 1. Introduction The loop electrosurgical excision procedure is performed for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This form of electrosurgery uses a loop electrode…
D Gynecologic laparoscopy 1. Introduction Laparoscopy is a common endoscopic technique in gynecologic procedures. It is frequently used to diagnose or treat pelvic conditions that may include sterilization, adhesions, pain, endometriosis,…
E Hysterectomy: Vaginal or total abdominal 1. Introduction Hysterectomy is commonly performed to treat uncontrolled uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, gynecologic cancer, adhesions, endometriosis, and pelvic relaxation syndrome. Frequently, laparoscopy is…
C Dilatation and curettage 1. Introduction Dilatation and curettage (D & C) involves dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrial lining of the uterus. The procedure is done to…
B Cesarean section 1. Introduction A cesarean section (C-section) is the surgical removal of a fetus through an abdominal and uterine incision. A low transverse incision is the most common; in…
A Assisted reproductive technologies 1. Introduction a) Procedure overview Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) refers to all techniques used to retrieve and fertilize human oocytes. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common…
