Hypoparathyroidism
I Hypoparathyroidism Definition Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by inadequate secretion of PTH or a peripheral resistance to its effect. Patients with hypoparathyroidism typically have low serum calcium levels. The…
Hypoaldosteronism
G Hypoaldosteronism Definition Hypoaldosteronism causes hyperkalemia in the absence of renal insufficiency. Isolated deficiency of aldosterone secretion may reflect congenital deficiency of aldosterone synthetase or hyporeninemia resulting from a defect…
Hyperaldosteronism
F Hyperaldosteronism Definition Conn’s syndrome, the most common form of primary aldosteronism, results from hypersecretion of aldosterone from an adrenal adenoma independent of stimulus. Pathophysiology Primary aldosteronism may also be…
Diabetes insipidus
D Diabetes insipidus Definition Diabetes insipidus (DI) reflects the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) owing to the destruction of the posterior pituitary gland (neurogenic DI) or failure of the renal…
Cushing’s disease
C Cushing’s disease Definition Cushing’s syndrome results in diverse complex symptoms, signs, and biochemical abnormalities caused by excess glucocorticoid hormone. Pathophysiology The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome today is…
Adrenocortical insufficiency
*Relative to cortisol. Data from Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:462. A typical oral replacement dose for Addison’s…
Spinal cord injury
L Spinal cord injury Definition The spinal cord is vulnerable to trauma, compression by intradural or extradural tumors, and vascular injuries. Incidence and prevalence Approximately 11,000 persons each year sustain…
Acromegaly
A Acromegaly Definition Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (99% of cases), can produce a highly distinctive syndrome in adults called acromegaly. Acromegaly occurs because…
Valvular heart disease
20% normally). LVEDP is often elevated, causing symptoms of pulmonary congestion despite normal LV contractility. LVEDP values that are normal may, in fact, represent a patient who is hypovolemic. Diagnosis…
