Indirect: 0.2–0.7 mg/dLDirect: <0.5 mg/dL Increased; jaundice seen with plasma bilirubin levels >3 mg/dL Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) 10–40 units/L Increased Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase*) 5–35 units/L…
A Cirrhosis and portal hypertension Definition Cirrhosis is a progressive and ultimately fatal syndrome of hepatic failure. Pathophysiology Chronic alcoholism is the most common cause of cirrhosis (Laënnec’s cirrhosis) in…
J Von willebrand disease Definition von Willebrand disease (vWD) has traditionally remained the most common inherited coagulation diathesis. von Willebrand factor (vWF) VIII is a heterogeneous multinumeric glycoprotein that serves…
I Thalassemia Definition Thalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting in a person’s inability to synthesize structurally normal hemoglobin. Incidence and prevalence Thalassemia major usually affects Greek and Italian…
H Sickle cell disease Definition Sickle cell disease is one of the more commonly inherited hemoglobinopathies. Pathophysiology Sickle cell is a disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait that causes…
G Polycythemia vera Definition and pathophysiology Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative neoplastic disorder that generally occurs in patients between 60 and 70 years of age. Hyperactivity of myeloid progenitor cells…
D Hemophilia Definition and incidence Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. It is a hematologic disorder of unpredictable bleeding patterns. Patients are either deficient in factor IX (hemophilia A) or…
ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PF4, platelet factor 4.
C Disseminated intravascular coagulation Definition Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a coagulation disorder characterized by ongoing activation of the coagulation cascade in response to a clinical or systemic event. Organ…
