Anesthesia Key

Fractures of the proximal femur are common in elderly individuals, who have decreased bone mass and a higher frequency of falls. Women are more likely than men to sustain femoral…

See Appendix for stepwise instructions for weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing short-leg casts and a lower extremity splint used in the treatment of metatarsal fractures. See Expert Consult for the electronic version…

The key to successful management of ankle fractures is distinguishing between those that are stable and those that are unstable. In the evaluation of any traumatic or twisting injury to…

Fractures of the tarsal bones are relatively uncommon. The calcaneus is the tarsal bone most often fractured, representing 60% of all tarsal fractures. The talus is the second most frequently…

Fractures of the patella are uncommon and occur primarily in patients between 20 and 50 years of age. Determining the integrity of the quadriceps extensor mechanism is crucial in the…

As long as they are aware of certain pitfalls, primary care providers can manage nasal fractures, including reduction of selected displaced fractures. Fractures of other facial bones and the skull…

Toe fractures account for approximately 8% to 9% of fractures. Toe fractures are relatively straightforward to treat, and the outcome is generally excellent. Hence, they are frequently managed by primary…

Rib fractures are some of the most common thoracic injuries, but diagnosing them can be difficult because reliable clinical examination findings are lacking and radiographs are specific but not very…

Orthopedic surgeons or neurosurgeons manage most acute fractures of the spine. Knowledge of the signs of fracture instability is the key to appropriate selection of fractures that can be managed…