Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia

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Chapter 45 Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia Brad W. Butcher, MD , Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MAS 1 Why is sodium balance critical to volume control? Sodium and its corresponding anions…

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Tracheotomy and Upper Airway Obstruction

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Chapter 15 Tracheotomy and Upper Airway Obstruction John E. Heffner, MD 1 What are the different techniques for a surgical airway? A standard surgical tracheotomy is an open surgical procedure…

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Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

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Chapter 48 Hepatitis and Cirrhosis Zechariah S. Gardner, MD , Jaina Clough, MD 1 What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver. It can be divided into…

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Myasthenia Gravis

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Chapter 64 Myasthenia Gravis Corey R. Fehnel, MD , Ala Nozari, MD, PhD , Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA 1 What is myasthenia gravis (MG)? MG is an autoimmune disorder…

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Bronchoscopy

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Chapter 17 Bronchoscopy Amy E. Morris, MD , Lynn M. Schnapp, MD 1 What is flexible bronchoscopy? Bronchoscopy literally means “to see the airways.” This procedure allows visualization of the…

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Acute Pancreatitis

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Chapter 47 Acute Pancreatitis Neeraj K. Sardana, MD , Jon (Kai) Yamaguchi, MD, FACS , David W. McFadden, MD, FACS 1 What is acute pancreatitis (AP)? AP is an inflammatory…

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Care of the Critically Ill Pregnant Patient

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Chapter 83 Care of the Critically Ill Pregnant Patient Stephen E. Lapinsky, MBBCh, MSc, FRCPC 1 What are normal arterial blood gas findings in pregnancy? Pregnancy results in increased ventilation…

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Mechanical and Noninvasive Ventilation

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Chapter 9 Mechanical and Noninvasive Ventilation Manuel Pardo, Jr. , MD 1 What are the primary indications for mechanical ventilation? The primary indications for mechanical ventilation are inadequate oxygenation, inadequate…

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