Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Surgical Intensive Care Unit

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Surgical procedures constitute a sudden insult to the body, which can result in a myriad of life-threatening complications.1 While most postoperative complications occur 1 to 3…

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Status Epilepticus

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Status Epilepticus

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Acute seizures are common and are defined as a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.1…

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Mechanical Ventilation

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Mechanical Ventilation

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen This chapter will discuss the principles of mechanical ventilation, indications, modes of mechanical ventilation, weaning and spontaneous breathing trials, tracheostomy, complications of mechanical ventilation, special situations,…

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Gastroenterology

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Gastroenterology

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Myriad gastrointestinal (GI) maladies may affect patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), from GI bleeding to complications from liver cirrhosis. In this chapter, we review…

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Endocrinology

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Endocrinology

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In the setting of critical illness, the production and function of many hormones can be interrupted. As a result, new endocrine disorders may arise or preexisting…

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Healthcare-Acquired Infections

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Healthcare-Acquired Infections

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen A healthcare-associated infection (HAI), or nosocomial infection, is defined as a localized or systemic condition resulting from the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s)…

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Airway Management

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Airway Management

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Securing the airway is an important task for treating critically ill patients. Indications for endotracheal intubation include surgical procedure, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, airway protection (ie,…

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Antimicrobials

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on Antimicrobials

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen It has been reported that for every 1-hour delay of effective antimicrobial therapy in patients with septic shock, there is a 7.6% decrease in survival.1,2 Inadequate…

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The Immune System and Infection

Dec 30, 2018 by in CRITICAL CARE Comments Off on The Immune System and Infection

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The host defense consists of innate, or nonspecific, immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is present at birth and has 4 components: mechanical barriers such as…

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