Chapter 5E Comparison of Cardiac Functional Tests and Imaging Tarun Mittal and Aigul Baltabaeva Key Points Cardiac functional tests and imaging play an increasing role in identifying and stratifying cardiac…
Chapter 10 Hepatobiliary Disease Anish Gupta and Charl Jooste Key Points Liver disease is increasingly prevalent in the developed world. Many patients may present with only mildly deranged bloods, but…
Chapter 8 Renal Disease Iain A. M. MacPhee Key Points The risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases with age and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73…
Chapter 5A Cardiac Investigations Echocardiography Muhammad Sohaib Nazir and Rajan Sharma Key Points Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a safe, rapid, non-invasive and cheap test in the preoperative period. Echocardiography is…
Chapter 2 Hypertension Tarek Francis Antonios Key Points Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease. Treatment of hypertension not only reduces the…
Chapter 5C Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Robin Ray and Bashar Ibrahim Key Points Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) provides high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of the beating heart and is the…
Chapter 5D Computed Tomography Coronary Calcium Score and Coronary Angiography Vineet Prakash Key Points Computed Tomography Coronary Calcium Score Has an accepted role in primary prevention by allowing further risk…
Chapter 5B Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Vineet Prakash Key Points Stress pharmacological myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is a useful diagnostic tool to detect myocardial ischaemia and functional capacity as a preoperative…
Chapter 3 Cardiac Arrhythmias Mark M. Gallagher and Hanney Gonna Key Points Procedures which require general anaesthesia may stress the heart, producing cardiac arrhythmias, particularly in the presence of ischaemic…
