Anesthesia Key

Laser type Wavelength Absorption according to [type of tissue] Application area [nm]  CO2 10.600 Invisible – infrared Various tissues General Water Precise incision Nd:YAG (neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet) 1,064 Invisible…

Class Visible structures 1 Full visibility of tonsils, uvula, faucial pillars, and soft palate 2 Visibility of hard and soft palate, upper portion of tonsils, and uvula 3 Soft and…

(33.1) It is a measurement for the time needed to exhale air. The unit is seconds. The normal value in healthy patients is 0.2 s, in ventilated patients 0.3 s….

  Before puncture/catheter removala After puncture/catheter removala Check lab values Unfractionated heparins (prophylaxis ≤15,000 IE/day) 4 h 1 h Platelets, if therapy >5 days Unfractionated heparins (therapy) IV 4–6 h…

Fig. 24.1 ECG 24.1.4 Which Rhythm Disorder Is Present? What Causes It? There is an irregular rhythm with a heart rate of >100 beats/min, in other words, irregular supraventricular tachycardia….

Fig. 32.1 The MRI clearly shows a hyperdensity in the right occipital lobe. An arteriovenous malformation was the cause of the bleeding After the MRI, the neurosurgeon Dr. Faith came…

WFNS classification [7] Grade Classification Hunt and Hess [4] Clinical appearance Glasgow Coma Scale  15 0 Asymptomatic recognition of an unruptured aneurysm No motor deficit 15 1 Asymptomatic with minimal…

Clinical characteristic Point value Malignancy 1 Paralysis/immobilization of a lower extremity 1 Bedridden >3 days or extensive surgery <12 weeks earlier 1 Pain/swelling localized along the deep venous system 1…

TURP syndrome Na+ (mEq/l) Low 135–125 Moderate 125–120 Moderately critical 110–120 Critical <110 Rough calculations of the absorbed volume can be done with (Eq. 5.1): (5.1) (ECF = extracellular fluid ≈ 20 % of…

Fig. 13.1 Pressure–volume curve of the left ventricle In diastolic heart failure, there is a relaxation disorder of the left ventricle, which causes diastolic pressure increases during ventricle filling (d…