Inhalational Anesthetics

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Inhalational Anesthetics

Agent Blood–gas partition coefficient Desflurane 0.42 Nitrous oxide 0.47 Sevoflurane 0.65 Isoflurane 1.46 Halothane 2.5 Cardiac output: The uptake of the anesthetic gas into the blood is determined by the…

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Opioids and Benzodiazepines

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Opioids and Benzodiazepines

Fig. 12.1 Chemical structures of select opioid agonists and antagonist (naloxone) Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. With respect to opioids, these processes characterize the…

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Antiemetics

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Antiemetics

Drug category Mechanism of action Specific drugs Typical dose Serotonin (5HT3) antagonists Antagonism of serotonin 5HT3 receptors in the CTZ, the medullary vomiting center, and in the periphery Ondansetron 4–16…

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Preoperative Evaluation

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Preoperative Evaluation

Fig. 2.1 Goals of preoperative evaluation Table 2.1 Basic preoperative evaluation Patient particulars Age Sex Height Weight Allergies Drug and type of allergy: rash/anaphylaxis Medications List of medications and those…

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Intravenous Induction Agents

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Intravenous Induction Agents

Fig. 11.1 Drug distribution in various tissues over time after an intravenous bolus dose This rapid metabolism of propofol minimizes any residual effects after wakening. This lack of “hangover” effect…

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Neuromuscular Blocking and Reversal Agents

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Neuromuscular Blocking and Reversal Agents

Fig. 13.1 Physiology of neuromuscular transmission. (a) At the neuromuscular junction, where calcium influx causes release of Ach. Ach then binds to the postsynaptic nicotinic Ach receptors at the motor…

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Approach to Anesthesia

Sep 18, 2016 by in ANESTHESIA Comments Off on Approach to Anesthesia

Problem Cause Treatment Difficulty/failure to ventilate Circuit disconnection Check circuit attachments Obstruction—mucus plug, biting ETT Suction of ETT, if biting ETT—insert oral airway, deepen anesthesia Pneumothorax (no breath sounds) Auscultate…

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