Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders
Key points ▪ An estimated 26.2% of Americans age 18 and older have a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (58 million people). ▪ Mental disorders and their associated…
Hematologic Diseases
Key points ▪ Preoperative recognition of anemia is essential to provide a systems approach to treatment. ▪ The decision to transfuse a patient with blood products should be based on…
Congenital Heart Disease
Key points ▪ Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect requiring invasive treatment. ▪ With improved medical, surgical, and perioperative care, about 1 million children and 1…
Skin and Bone Disorders
Key Points ▪ Achondroplasia frequently makes airway management difficult for patients, and unstable cervical spine anatomy presents the risk of neurologic injury. Postoperative respiratory insufficiency may be a challenge. ▪…
Muscle Diseases
Key points ▪ Patients with muscular diseases have a postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 25% to 48%. Their inability to take deep inspirations and cough predisposes them to atelectasis and…
Neurologic Diseases
Key points ▪ Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs) are disorders of myelination of the peripheral nervous system resulting in progressive loss of motor and sensory function. ▪ In familial…
Renal Diseases
Key points ▪ The presence of chronic or acute kidney disease has significant negative effects on surgical outcomes. Knowledge of key pathophysiologic aspects of glomerular and tubular disorders is a…
Respiratory Diseases
Key points ▪ Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas have congenital and hereditary etiology, and patients are at risk for life-threatening rupture requiring surgery. ▪ Wegener’s granulomatosis can affect any organ system, although…
Obesity and Nutrition Disorders
Key points ▪ Obesity is a common disease. The number of overweight, obese, and morbidly obese persons has increased alarmingly in the last three decades. ▪ Body mass index (BMI)…
Cardiac Diseases
Key points ▪ Even the most uncommon cardiac diseases are characterized by common and classifiable patterns of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. ▪ Knowledge of disease effects on determinants of cardiac…
