Technique Advantages Disadvantages PTGBD Relatively easy External drain in place High technical success rate Possible dislodgement of drain Reliably effective Relative contraindication in liver disease, coagulopathy, ascites Access to the…
Primary tumor TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ T1 Tumor invades lamina propria or muscular layer T1a Tumor invades lamina…
Type Incidence Biliary atresia [1, 2] Europe and North America = 0.43–0.85/10,000 live births East Asia and French Polynesia = 0.86–2.0/10,000 live births Choledochal cysts [1, 3] Western Countries = 1/100,000–150,000 live births Asian Populations = 1/1000 live…
Fig. 7.1 Multiport trocar placement Any inflammatory adhesions to surrounding viscera are then cleared, and medial and lateral hepatic attachments of the gallbladder are released. The hilum is dissected clear…
Fig. 14.1 Classification scheme for choledocholithiasis. Primary gallbladder stones form de novo within the biliary tree. In secondary choledocholithiasis stones form in the gallbladder and migrate through the cystic duct…
ASA physical status 1 A normal healthy patient ASA physical status 2 A patient with mild systemic disease ASA physical status 3 A patient with severe systemic disease ASA physical…
Post-operative outcomes Time elapsed from recent MI Cholecystectomy (%) 30-day MI 0–30 days 28.8b 31–60 days 17.8b 61–90 days 6.5b 91–180 days 5.7b 181–365 days 3.9b No Recent MI 0.9…
Risk factors Age Female gender Pregnancy Obesity Bariatric surgery due to rapid weight loss Ileal resection Hypertriglyceridemia Cirrhosis Ethnic groups Pima Indians and other Native Americans Hemolytic disorders Sickle cell…
Fig. 5.1 A catheter is introduced into the abdomen through a separate subcostal stab incision via an angiocatheter or sheath. A clip is placed at the gallbladder/cystic duct junction and…
Fig. 15.1 A patient who has been diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis. The gallbladder has a characteristic thickened wall with dependent sludge in the gallbladder. The patient was successfully treated…
