Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room
1. Because pediatric anesthetics outside the operating room are performed with increasing frequency, it is important for any institution to have a system in place to meet the service needs and…
Endocrine Disease
1. Children with diabetes presenting for surgery should undergo careful preoperative assessment and perioperative planning with an effort to optimize the patient’s condition preoperatively and to minimize the disturbances in glucose…
Hematopoietic System
1. During fetal life, hematopoiesis occurs in several distinct locations, with sequential timing of cellular elements produced during gestation. 2. The primary problem in anemia is impaired oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood…
Metabolic Diseases and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
1. Hypoglycemia is a common concern. Preoperative fasting must be minimized, and intravenous dextrose must be supplemented in the perioperative period. 2. Lactated Ringer solution should not be used in patients with…
Anesthesia and Childhood Obesity
1. The global pandemic of obesity is a serious public health concern that has affected both adults and children. 2. The etiology of childhood obesity is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between…
Management of General Anesthesia
1. Both the parent’s and the anesthesiologist’s interactions with the child during the preoperative visit and induction have significant impact on the child’s postoperative behavior. Distraction, humor, and reinterpretation of medical…
The Eye: Pediatric Ophthalmological Surgery
1. Awareness and management of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important part of the anesthetic care of children undergoing many ophthalmologic procedures. 2. In most ophthalmologic surgeries, the patient must be kept…
Delivery Room Issues and Resuscitation of the Newborn
1. The importance of clarifying roles of all physicians, RN’s and other health care personnel in the delivery room resuscitation of newborns cannot be overemphasized enough. 2. Ventilation of the lungs is…
Pediatric Resuscitation
1. Although many cases of cardiac arrest in pediatric anesthesia are due to the child’s underlying condition(s), anesthetic-related events do account for a significant portion of arrests. 2. Among the anesthesia related…
Integumentary System
1. While the incidence of burns is decreasing in western countries, 20% of burns are seen in children <5 years of age and 29% in children <16 years of age. 2. The…
